Multiple-series cut-out



(No Model.)

0. P. BRUSH.

MULTIPLE SERIES OUT-OUT. No. 347,025. Patented Aug. 10, 1886..

I NESSES lA/VE/VTUR 41, m QM, W

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,

CHARLES F. BRUSH, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.

MULTIPLE-SERlES QUT OUTJ EPESIFECATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 347,025, dated August 10, 1886.

Application filed December 10, 1885. Serial Nov 156,157. (No model) To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, (hunLEs F. BEUsH, of Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in MultipleSeries Out- Outs; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it apperlains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to improvements in automatic cut-outs or shunting devices for multiple-series systems of electrical distributi on, and more particularly to that one in which, in combination with each of the groups of electro-receptive devices arranged in multiple series is employed a shunting device for automatically reducing the normal how of current through the remaining clectro-receptive devices of a group upon the failure of one or more of them to operate. The objection to this system is, that it does not provide a complete and safe short circuit for the main current, should all the electro-reccptivc devices be inoperative, or such a number of them as would result in the destruction of the remaining ones or of the apparatus.

My invention overcomes this difficulty by means of mechanism similar to that shown in the accompanying drawing, which embodies one form of such mechanism and illustrates diagrammatically my invention as applied to one ol a series of groups of elcctro-rcceptive devices.

In the drawing, A A A A" A A represent the group of elcctro-receptive devices, which may be, and for the purpose of this illustration I will assume to be, incandescent lamps, each located in a branch circuit from the main conductor l3 11.

O is an electromagnet wound with two coils. One 01' these, 1*, is of high resistance and forms a constantlyclosed shunt-circuit, l) E E" 1), around the group of lamps A A the, The other coil, ti, is of coarse wire, and has one of its terminals attached at it to awire, H, leading to l) on one side of the group of lamps, the other terminal forming the contact K. An armaturelever, L, is pi voted at M in electri cal contact with the wire M. D. When the armature is sufliciently attracted by the magnet, it rises and strikes the contact In A second armature, L", also in the field of attraction of the magnet, is pivoted at lll in electrical contact with the wire M H D. XVhen this armature is sufficiently attracted by the magnct,it rises and strikes the contact K, closing the shunt-circuit D H M L K R D around the group of lamps. In this shuntcircuit is located the resistance R,which has a somewhat higher conductivity than the working conductivity ofany one of the lamps. Set screws S S" serve to regulate the distance of the armatures from the magnet.

The armatnres having been suitablyadjusted, and so that L requires a greater attractive force to raise it than U, the operation of the device is as follows: \Vith all the lamps A. A &c., in operative condition, the normal current in the line l5 B will divide itself between the lamps, except a small percentage which will pass around the group by the shunt-circuit, comprising the fine-wire coil F. This percentage 01' current mag netizes the core of the elcctromagnet, but not sulliciently to raise the armature L, owing to the distance at which it is adjusted. Now, if one (or any predetermined number) of the lamps fail to operate, and if, as is pre supposed, the current in the main circuit remains constant, the difference of potential at the terminals of the linc-wire coil will increase, magnetizing the core more strongly, and raising the armature If until it strikes the con tact l1 and closes the shunt-circuit which includes the resistance-lamps, but not dimming them entirely. lhc cll'ect ol'throwingiu the resistance It parallel with the lamps and line coil will be to reduce somewhat the ditl'erence of potential at the terminals of the line coil, which would consequently reduce the strength of the magnet; but as the armature l) has ai'lvanced so much farther into the field of attraction it is still held up in contact with K. Now, if the defective lamp or lamps be replaced and the shunt-circuit including the resistance It be opened by pulling down the armature L the normal current will llow through thelamps and line coil, as before; but if the defective lamp or lamps be not replaced, and if others of the group should by inadverteuce or malice be allowed to become successively inoperative, it is evident that an increasing current will be forced through the fine coil F, the resistance ICO R, and such lamps as may remain operative, orif there be no lamps left in operation all the current will be forced through the fine-coil circuit and the resistancecircuit, in either case to the possible and probable injury of the apparatus. Similar difficulty will occur if when the main current is started there should be few or no lamps on any group. Now, the function of the second armature becomes ap parent, for with the increased current flowing through the fine coil I due to the causes I have just indicated, an increased strength of magnetism will result, raising the armature L, which will strike the contact K and close what is practically ashort circuit around the group of lamps and around the resistance R and fine coil F, the course of the current in the short circuit being as follows: D H H, through the coarse coil G to. terminal K, then through lever L and wire M D.

The effect of making the coarse coil G aportion of the short circuit is to retain the armature L in contact with K, notwithstanding that the magnetizing effect of the fine coil. F is practically destroyed by the great decrease in difference of potential at its terminals. This form of short-circuiting magnet has been previously patented to me, (Patent No. 234,456,) and such especial construction does not form part of my present invention; nor do I limit myself to the particular construction or arrangement of parts shown in the drawings, as

various modifications will readily suggest themselves, and any form of automatic shunting device may be used.

I-Iaving fully described my invention, what I claim as new,and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a multiple-series system of electrical distribution, in combination with a group of electro-receptive devices and mechanism operated by the current for, automatically reducing the normal flow of current through the remaining electro-receptive devices upon the failure of one or any predetermined number of them to operate, mechanism, also controlled by the current, to automatically short-circuit the current around said group upon the inoperation from any cause of more than said predetermined number of electro-receptive devices, substantially as set forth.

2. In a multiple-series system of electrical distribution, the combination,with a group of electro-receptive devices, of a normally-open shunt-circuit having a resistance less than any one or of any predetermined number of the electro-receptive devices of the group, and mechanism actuated by the current for autoand mechanism actuated by the current for automatically shunting the current around the group and high-resistance shunt whenever the latter is incapable of shunting a suflicient amount of current around the group to preserve intact the remaining operative electroreceptive devices'included therein, substantially as set forth.

3. In a multiple-series system of electrical distribution, the combination,with a group of electroreceptive devices, of a constantlyclosed shunt having an electro-magnet included therein and two normally-open shuntcircuits of diiferent resistances, the circuit of lowest resistance being included in the helix of an electro-magnet, and devices actuated and controlled by the current for closing the circuit of high resistance and reducing the normal flow of current through the remaining electro-receptive devices of the group upon the failure of one or of any one predetermined number to operate, and for closing the circuit of low resistance and short-circuiting the group, substantially as set forth.

4. In a multiple-series system of electrical distribution, the combination, with a group of electro receptive devices, of a constantlyclosed shunt-circuit of high resistance included in the helix of an electro-magnet, and a normally-open shunt of comparatively low resistance included in the helix of an electro-magnet, and an armature for opening and closing said shunt-circuit, substantially as set forth.

5. In amultiple-series system of electrical distribution, the combination,with a group of electro receptive devices, of a constantlyclosed shunt of high resistance and two normall y-open shunt-circuitsone of comparatively high and one of comparatively low resistanceand an electro-magnet included in the constantly-closed shunt and the normallyopen shunt of comparatively low resistance, 1

substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

CHARLES F. BRUSH.

\Vitnesses:

ALBERT E. LYNCH, L. B. LE VAKE.

IlO 

